Dangerous goods (DGR)

Dangerous goods are articles or substances that are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment, and which are shown on the list of dangerous goods in IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations or which are classified according to those Regulations.

Dangerous goods and their maximum quantities, packaging, handling, marking and documentation requirements are specified in detail in the Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR), published annually by IATA. These regulations are based on the regulations from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO-TI), which are in turn derived from United Nations recommendations concerning the transportation of dangerous goods for all modes of transport.

When a shipment contains one or more of the dangerous substances from the above list, the carrier requires the shipper to complete and sign a Shipper`s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. This is a legal document declaring that the shipper has complied with all relevant regulations and instructions. It must be completed in duplicate and strictly following the detailed instructions given in IATA DGR 8.1.6.

Examples of Dangerous Goods:

DRY ICE — see CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID
CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID (DRY ICE) Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) is produced by expanding liquid carbon dioxide to vapour and “snow” in presses that compact the product into blocks. It is used primarily for cooling and due to its very low temperature (about -79°C) can cause severe burns to skin upon direct contact. When Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) converts (sublimates) directly to gaseous carbon dioxide it takes in heat from its surroundings. The resulting gas is heavier than air and can cause suffocation in confined areas as it displaces air. Packages containing Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) must be designed and constructed so as to prevent build-up of pressure due to the release of carbon dioxide gas

Flammable liquid
It comprises liquids or mixtures of liquids or liquids containing solids in solution or in suspension (for example paints, varnishes, lacquers, etc., but not including substances otherwise classified on account of their dangerous characteristics) which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures of not more than 60°C (140°F) closed-cup test or not more than 65.6°C (150°F) open-cup test normally referred to as the flash point.

Blood samples
Infectious substances are substances which are known or are reasonably expected to contain pathogens. Pathogens are defined as micro-organisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) and other agents such as prions, which can cause disease in humans or animals.

Corrosive
Substances which by chemical action, can cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or, in the case of leakage will materially damage or even destroy, other goods or the means of transport.

GAS
Definition
3.2.1.1 A gas is a substance which:
(a) at 50°C (122°F) has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa (3.0 bar, 43.5 lb/in2); or
(b) is completely gaseous at 20°C (68°F) at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa (1.01 bar, 14.7 lb/in2).
3.2.1.2 The transport condition of a gas is described according to its physical state as:
(a) Compressed gas — a gas which, when packaged under pressure for transport, is entirely gaseous at -50°C (-58°F); this category includes all gases with a critical temperature less than or equal to -50°C (-58°F);
(b) Liquefied gas — a gas which, when packaged under pressure for transport, is partially liquid at temperatures above -50°C (-58°F). A distinction is made between:
• High pressure liquefied gas — a gas with a critical temperature between -50°C (-58°F) and +65°C (149°F); and
• Low pressure liquefied gas — a gas with a critical temperature above +65°C (149°F);
(c) Refrigerated liquefied gas — a gas which, when packaged for transport, is

Flammable Gas
Gases which at 20°C (68°F) and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa (1.01 bar, 14.7 lb/in2):
(a) are ignitable when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air; or
(b) have a flammable range with air of at least 12 percentage points regardless of the lower flammable limit. Flammability must be determined by tests or by calculation in accordance with methods adopted by ISO (see ISO Standard 10156:1996). Where insufficient data are available to use these methods, tests by a comparable method recognized by the appropriate national authority must be used.

Non-flammable, Non-toxic Gas
Gases which:
(a) are asphyxiant — gases which dilute or replace the oxygen normally in the atmosphere; or
(b) are oxidizing — gases which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does. The oxidizing ability must be determined by tests or by calculation in accordance with methods adopted by ISO (see IS

Toxic Gas
Gases which:
(a) are known to be so toxic or corrosive to humans as to pose a hazard to health; or
(b) are presumed to be toxic or corrosive to humans because they have an LC50 value equal to or less than 5,000 mL/m3 (ppm) when tested in accordance with 3.6.1.5.3.

Matches
MATCHES, SAFETY (BOOK, CARD, OR STRIKE-ON-BOX) Are matches intended to be struck on a prepared surface.
MATCHES, STRIKE-ANYWHERE Usually contain phosphorus sesquisulphide, potassium chlorate and other ingredients. The strike-anywhere matches are readily ignited by friction on almost any dry surface. When a closed package of strike-anywhere matches is ignited by impact or friction the head composition burns off the matches and the fire then usually goes out unless the package is broken. If the package is broken, allowing access of air, the fire will continue. Packages of these matches that have been wetted for any reason and subsequently dried should be handled with extreme caution.